What Is Hip Dysplasia?
Hip dysplasia is a condition in which the hip joint does not develop properly. In a healthy hip, the ball of the thighbone fits securely into the hip socket. With hip dysplasia, the socket is too shallow, allowing the ball to move excessively or partially dislocate. Over time, this abnormal joint movement can lead to pain, joint damage, and early-onset arthritis.
What Are the Causes of Hip Dysplasia?
Hip dysplasia can occur at birth or develop over time. Common causes and risk factors include:
- Family history of hip dysplasia
- Abnormal hip development before or after birth
- Breech position during pregnancy
- Tight swaddling practices in infancy
- Repetitive stress on the hip joint during growth
What Are the Symptoms of Hip Dysplasia?
Symptoms can vary depending on age and severity. Common signs may include:
- Hip or groin pain, particularly during activity
- A feeling of stiffness or limited range of motion
- Clicking, catching, or grinding in the hip
- Limping or an uneven gait
- Increased pain after prolonged standing or exercise
How Is Hip Dysplasia Diagnosed?
Diagnosis begins with a detailed medical history and physical examination. Imaging studies are used to confirm the condition and assess severity. X-rays help evaluate hip alignment and joint structure, while MRI or CT scans may be recommended to assess cartilage and soft tissue damage. Early diagnosis is important to prevent long-term joint deterioration.
What Are the Treatment Options for Hip Dysplasia?
Treatment depends on age, symptom severity, and the extent of joint damage. Non-surgical options may include physiotherapy, activity modification, and pain management. In more severe cases, surgical procedures such as hip preservation surgery or total hip replacement may be recommended to improve joint function, relieve pain, and restore mobility.
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